Every X / per X
time, person, item, section
Open details
Form: N（時 間・人 ・項目 など）+ ごとに ／ V-辞書形 + ごとに（やや硬い）
Use when: something repeats for each unit (every hour, per section, by department).
Contrast: おきに = “every other/at intervals.”
Every other / at intervals
skip pattern (X, -, X, -)
Open details
Form: 数 + 単位 + おきに（いちにちおきに 等）
Use when: events happen at regular gaps (every other day/seat/page).
Avoid: categories/persons → use ごとに.
Whenever A, B
every time it occurs
Open details
Form: V-辞書形 + たびに ／ N + の + たびに
Use when: whenever A happens, B happens invariably.
Contrast: ごとに = per unit (not necessarily “whenever it happens”).
From A to around B
approximate span (time/area)
Open details
Form: N1 + から N2 + にかけて（期間 /地域 等）
Use when: describe a broad, approximate range.
Contrast: exact endpoints → 〜から〜まで.
Across a wide span
time/area/topic coverage
Open details
Form: N + にわたって／にわたり／にわたる + N
Use when: emphasize extent/coverage over a long time/large area.
Throughout (entire period)
通して＝neutral／通じて＝formal
Open details
Form: N（一年 /季節 /学期 等）+ を通して／を通じて
Use when: “throughout the whole period.” (*Means ‘via/through’ is another use, not main here.)
1) 〜ごとに — every / per
Repeats for each unit (time/people/items/sections).
Form: N + ごとに ／ V-辞書形 + ごとに（硬い） Examples of N: 時間 ／日 ／部門 ／項目
この
This shop ventilates every two hours.
We set goals for each department.
Let’s check the key points for each chapter.
Contrast: “every other” → 〜おきに, not ごとに.
2) 〜おきに — at intervals / every other
Regular gaps between events (X, -, X, -). Often with counters/time/space.
Form: 数 + 単位 + おきに （一日 おきに／一行 おきに／一席 おきに）
I go running every other day.
Please sit in every other seat.
We handed them out every five pages (at that interval).
Avoid: category-based “per” → use ごとに.
3) 〜たびに — whenever A happens, B happens
“Every time.” Works with events that occur repeatedly.
Form: V-辞書形 + たびに ／ N + の + たびに Tip: use そのたび（に） to refer back.
Whenever I listen to music, I calm down.
この
Every time I press this button, a notification arrives.
I collect maps whenever I travel.
Contrast: “per unit” (not event-based) → ごとに.
4) 〜から〜にかけて — from A to around B (approx.)
Loose range across time/area; typical in forecasts and reports.
Form: N1 + から N2 + にかけて（時間帯 ／月 ／地域 など）
Contrast: exact → 〜から〜まで
Rain is expected from night through early dawn.
Festivals are held across regions from April to around May.
Beware of strong winds from Kanto through Tohoku.
Avoid: precise schedules like train times → prefer 〜から〜まで.
5) 〜にわたって — over / across (wide span)
Highlights the breadth or long duration across time/area/topic.
Form: N + にわたって／にわたり／にわたる + N
The meetings continued over three days.
A power outage occurred over a wide area.
It is the result of many years of research.
Contrast: 〜にかけて marks endpoints loosely; 〜にわたって emphasizes extent/coverage.
6) 〜を通して・〜を通じて（期間） — throughout the period
通して（neutral/spoken） and 通じて（formal） both mean “throughout the whole period.”
Form: N（一年 /夏 /学期 /週末 など）+ を通して／を通じて
Note: “via/through (means)” is another sense (友人を通じて) but not the focus here.
The climate is mild throughout the year.
There are many tourists throughout summer.
Please wear a mask throughout the day.
Quick contrasts & pitfalls
- ごとに = for each unit（時間/人/項目…）／おきに = at intervals（
一日 おきに 等） - たびに = whenever A occurs, B also occurs. Not “per unit” list-making.
- から〜にかけて ≈ broad, approximate span（forecasts/reports）; exact endpoints → 〜から〜まで.
- にわたって emphasizes coverage/extent（長期・広域・多分野）; different from marking endpoints.
- を通して/通じて（期間）＝ throughout the whole period. “via/through” is another sense; don’t mix if the meaning is “throughout.”
