N4 Lesson 42 — 「ために」&「のに」

Goals: say what you do to achieve a purpose / give a use or evaluation of things / state the time or cost needed to do something.

V(dic) + ために(purpose) N + のために(for / for the sake of) V(dic) + のに(evaluation) V(dic) + のに(use / tool) V(dic) + のに(time / cost)

1) ~(動詞・辞書形)ために — to do X in order to …

Use this to state an intended purpose (your goal). The subject is usually a person with will/intent.

Form: V(dic) + ために + action/result
e.g., べんきょうするために / お金をためるために
  • 写真しゃしんために公園こうえんきました。
    I went to the park to take photos.
  • 就職しゅうしょくするために履歴書りれきしょつくっています。
    I’m making my resume in order to get a job.
Tip: ために shows intention. For general ability/aim without intention, many sentences use ~ように (learned elsewhere).

2) ~(名詞)のために — for / for the sake of …

Attach to a noun to show the beneficiary or purpose.

Form: N + のために + action
e.g., 健康のために / 子どものために
  • 健康けんこうために毎朝まいあさあるいています。
    I take a walk every morning for my health.
  • どものためにお弁当べんとうつくります。
    I make a lunch box for my child.
Note: In other contexts, ~のために can also mean “because of (a reason)” especially with negative results (e.g., あめのために中止ちゅうし). Here we focus on the “for / for the sake of” meaning.

3–5) ~(動詞・辞書形)のに — for (doing) / good for / takes (time/money)

With a verb in dictionary form + のに, you describe use/suitability, give an evaluation, or state needed time/cost. Unlike ために, this pattern talks about how something is useful/appropriate for a task, not the speaker’s intention.

3) Evaluation(useful, suitable, easy/hard, cheap/expensive, etc.)

  • この辞書じしょ日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうするのに 便利べんりです。
    This dictionary is useful for studying Japanese.
  • このかばん旅行りょこうのに かるくて 丈夫じょうぶです。
    This bag is light and sturdy for traveling.

4) Use / Tool(used for … / needed for …)

  • このナイフパンのに 使つかいます。
    We use this knife to cut bread.
  • このアプリ家計簿かけいぼ管理かんりするのに 最適さいてきです。
    This app is perfect for managing a household budget.

5) Time / Cost(It takes time/money to do …)

  • 成田空港なりたくうこうまでのに、2時間じかんかかります。
    It takes two hours to get to Narita Airport.
  • このコースけるのに、5万円まんえんかかります。
    It costs 50,000 yen to take this course.
Important: For the “use/suitability/time–cost” meaning, のに needs a verb (dictionary form) phrase before it. Do not say ✕ 旅行のに便利. Say ◎ 旅行りょこうのに便利.

「ために」 vs 「のに」— Quick Contrast

ために = your intention / purpose

Goal you want to achieve.

日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうするために毎日まいにち30ぷん勉強べんきょうします。
I study 30 minutes every day to study Japanese (my aim).

のに = use/suitability or time/cost

How suitable/useful something is for a task; or how long/how much it takes.

このアプリ日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうするのに 便利べんりです。
This app is useful for studying Japanese.

Also useful: ~するための + N (a noun for doing X) vs ~するのに + いい/便利な + N (a noun that is good/useful for doing X).
日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうするための計画けいかく(a plan to study
日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうするのに便利べんり計画けいかく(a plan useful for studying

Common Pitfalls(よくあるミス)

  • Noun + のに (for use/suitability) is basically not used. Use a verb + のに phrase.
    旅行りょこうのに 便利べんり → ◎ 旅行りょこうのに 便利べんり
  • ために expresses a speaker’s intention/purpose. のに (this lesson’s meaning) expresses use/suitability or required time/cost. Different roles.
  • Do not confuse with the concessive ~のに meaning “even though”. That is a different grammar point (not covered here).